A binary number can be converted to base ten (decimal) by starting at the rightmost bit and multiplying each successive bit to the left by two. The rightmost bit is multiplied by 1, the next to the left by 2 then 4 etc.
In decimal arithmetic each place to the left is multipled by ten. The rightmost digit is multipled by one, the next to the left by ten, and so on.
14710 = (1 * 100) + (4 * 10) + (7 * 1).
10112 = (8 * 1) + (4 * 0) + (2 * 1) + (1*1) = 1110.
In programming, binary is sometimes used to save space by packing several boolean values into one int.

