Modern languages like C, C++ and C# tend to avoid having this and instead implement input and output via library functions. Output involves sending a stream of byte to a device and whether that device is the screen, an object in memory, a file on disk, another computer on a network or a printer is unimportant. The same routines can be used with different destinations. In earlier languages you needed separate routines to handle each device. Streams make this flexibility possible.

